Models

3D Ground-water to surface-water flow system: The three dimensional (3D) image shows ground-water flow from an upland to an adjacent stream. The image is a 3D representation of the two dimensional (2D) ground-water flow nets presented in the 1983 Ralph C Heath U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2220 Basic Ground-Water Hydrology. Ground-water and surface-water elevations are contoured in three dimensions using Environmental Visualization System software. The ground-water elevations are treated as pressure values obtained from the mid point of the well screens. The upper, transparent surface shows the 3D water-table contour map. The colored surfaces are iso-pressure surfaces and are the 3D equivalent of the iso-pressure lines on the contour map.
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3D Ground-water and surface-water samples: The three dimensional (3D) image shows sample locations and concentrations surrounding an industrial facility and from within an adjacent limestone quarry. The aerial photograph is faded to show the subsurface samples. Samples are shown as spheres. Two (2) stream samples were collected upstream and downstream of the facility, three (3) ground-water samples were collected from monitoring wells downgradient of the facility, and from two (2) seep samples were collected from the southern quarry wall.

The color of the sphere represents benzene concentration. The colors range from blue (less than laboratory detection limits of 0.5 parts per billion (ppb)) up to red (10 ppb). No benzene was detected in the stream and quarry samples while low benzene concentrations were detected in the ground-water samples. Only one (1) ground-water sample had a concentration greater than the RISC residential closure level of five (5) ppb.


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